Building construction consists of several components, each with its own function. Therefore, each part or element must be constructed to high standards and requires regular inspections. These inspections will examine the materials and volume calculations required for the building's construction.
Main Elements of Building Construction
These parameters will determine the building design, along with considerations of environmental impact and the budget required for each structure. Each element in the building's construction will work together to distribute the load it supports to the underlying structure and foundation. For more details, here are the main elements of building construction:
1. Building Foundations
The foundation is a vital part of a building. It's located at the very bottom of the building and won't be visible once the building is completed. Careful planning is required before constructing this part, as mistakes can jeopardize the building's safety. Furthermore, damage to the foundation means repairs will require dismantling the building, which is tantamount to rebuilding. In building construction, foundations are divided into two types:
Shallow Foundation
Shallow foundations only extend a few meters into the ground, or can be described as shallow. This type of foundation is generally made of concrete and serves to transfer the load from walls and columns to the underlying soil. This type of foundation is generally used for buildings with only one story.
Deep Foundation (Pile)
This type of foundation is useful for transferring building loads to the soil layers beneath. Prior to construction, various tests are required, such as the CSL test, PDA test, Pundit test, UPV test, and so on, to determine the soil's suitability. These tests are part of the soil investigation process and are a crucial part of the process.
2. Column
Columns, often called support posts, are part of a building's construction that resist vertical axial compressive loads. If these parts are damaged or experience structural failure, various other elements or components connected to them will collapse.
3. Sloof
The sloof is a building component that sits above the foundation and distributes the load to each point. Furthermore, the sloof serves to anchor walls and columns, ensuring their strength despite ground movement. In earthquake-resistant buildings, this component is generally equipped with 12 mm diameter anchors spaced 1.5 meters apart. However, this will depend on the building's level and height.
4. Beam
Beams are used to support the ceiling frame in a room. These components are generally made of wood, concrete, or steel. Beams support the weight of the floor slab, walls, and the beams themselves.
5. Floor Plate
Floor slabs are part of the lower structure of a building and are smaller in height compared to the other structural dimensions. The load supported by the floor slabs is then distributed in various directions.